Ayurveda (pronounced aa-yoor-vay-da) is not only a science but also a religion and a philosophy. Lad (1998) defines philosophy as the love of truth, science as the discovery of truth through experiment, and religion as experiencing truth and applying it to daily living.
According to Lad (2004), the religion of Ayurveda denotes the beliefs and disciplines that support a state of being in which the individual is open to all aspects of life; the philosophy of Ayurveda deals with the love of truth and the sacredness of the life journey. Morrison (1995) says that Ayurveda is “a science of life which focuses on the subtle energies in all things—not only in living and inorganic things, but also in our thoughts, emotions, and actions” (p. 8). She also states that Ayurveda stresses “that we are all born with an individual constitution that is unique: an integral part of our being, a fixed point which is our personal baseline for health” (p. 8).
Ayurveda is a whole medical system that seeks to integrate and balance the body, mind, and spirit. Rather than asking “What disease does my client have?”, Ayurvedic practitioners strive to know who their clients are from the perspective of how they are constituted. Constitution is a key word in Ayurvedic medicine and refers to our overall health profile, including our strengths and susceptibilities.
Once assessed and identified, the client’s constitution becomes the foundation for all clinical decisions. The person’s metabolic body type is first identified, and then a specific treatment plan is designed to bring the person back into harmony with the environment. Ayurvedic treatment plans include dietary changes, exercises, yoga, meditation, massage, herbal tonics and sweat baths, medicated enemas, and medicated inhalations (Giger, 2016; Trivieri & Anderson, 2002).
There are two main types of Ayurveda: traditional and maharishi. The latter is based on translations from the classical texts of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. Both types support the basic principles of Ayurveda, but the maharishi type:
- stresses the role of supreme consciousness in maintaining health and promotes Transcendental Meditation (TM) as a method for experiencing the consciousness of the universe
- believes in the importance of positive emotions
- supports being in tune with the natural rhythms of the body
The traditional form of Ayurveda is the focus of this course.